Victorian Alpine Plot Network (Alpine Long Term Monitoring - Community Changes): Vegetation Data, South-east Highlands, Australia, 1947-2013

Abstract: This package represents all data from surveys of vegetation within the Alpine Long Term Monitoring — Community Changes project. The surveys began in 1947, and the most recent is from 2013. As further surveys are conducted the new data will be added to this package.

The Victorian Alpine Plot Network vegetation data package contains vegetation data collected at a sub-set of the 481 long term monitoring plots which have been established in Australian Alps and in Tasmania. The sampling regime within the Victorian Network generally consists of multiple randomly positioned transects within sites, (rather than ‘plots’ sensu stricto), with each site, and/or transect geo-located. Point quadrats are taken at fixed intervals along each transect. The number of transects within sites, and sampling frequency varies from annual to decadal, depending on site and purpose. This general array of sampling transects, point quadrats along transects and floristic quadrats is consistent between grassland and snowpatch monitoring sites, although the number of transects and floristic quadrats needed to detect change in key variables (vegetation cover, bare ground, etc) at each site varies over time. There are also long-term monitoring sites in wetlands. The Victorian Alpine Plot Network research plots are revisited on a 2–10 years basis. A synopsis of related data packages which have been collected as part of the Victorian Alpine Plot Network’s full program is provided at https://doi.org/10.25911/5c11c3d283b0e. Sampling method: Carr and Turner long-term monitoring plots: At the Carr and Turner sites, there are fixed plots, each 0.05–0.1 ha in area. At the ‘Pretty Valley’ site, there is one plot that has been fenced (and thus ungrazed by livestock) since 1946; adjacent to this plot there is an unfenced plot, grazed by livestock (mainly cattle) from the mid 19th Century until 2005. At the ‘Rocky Valley’ site there is a 4 ha fenced area, which has excluded livestock since 1945-6. Inside there are monitoring plots located in open heathland, closed heathland and snowpatch herbfield vegetation types. There are companion plots, grazed by domestic livestock until 2005, located in equivalent vegetation types outside the fence. There is a total of 8 plots. The four corners of each plot are marked with steel droppers or fence posts, and each is geolocated. Within each plot there are multiple transects, the ends of which are fixed with sturdy 5 cm x 5 cm wooden pegs. The length, number of and distance between transects within plots varied from plot to plot at the time of establishment; this arrangement has been preserved. There are 10–20 transects per plot, each 2–15 m long, and ca 1–1.5 m apart. Point quadrats were initially taken at intervals of 2 feet (24 inches); sampling interval was converted to 50 cm in 1979. There is a total of 600–1000 point quadrats per plot. Measurements were taken at each plot annually from 1945/6–1951, then once or twice per decade thereafter (Wahren et al. 1994). There was a full sampling of all plots in 1979, and both Pretty Valley plots have been monitored more or less annually is since 1979, and the Rocky Valley plots every 5 years. The last full sampling of all eight plots was in 2013. Study extent: Long-term vegetation monitoring sites are a feature of the research and management infrastructure of the Australian alpine region. Sites have been established at various times for various reasons across the mainland Australian Alps and in Tasmania, with the explicit aim of documenting long-term changes in ecosystem composition and structure in relation to disturbance (Carr and Turner 1959a; b; Wimbush and Costin 1979; Wahren et al. 1994; Kirkpatrick and Bridle 1999; Scherrer and Pickering 2005). In the Victorian Alps, monitoring sites were first established in 1947 and the number of sites was expanded considerably in the 1970s and 1980s. These sites have been used to document long-term ecological change in relation to disturbance (e.g. livestock grazing; fire) and land use (e.g. nature conservation; ski resort development). Additional sample areas were established on a subset of these sites in 2011, to monitor long-term changes in invertebrates and plant genetic diversity. Following the fires of 1998 and 2003 additional monitoring sites were established to quantify patterns of burning across the alpine landscape, and to monitor post-fire regeneration. The development of our understanding of the ecology of alpine environments, especially our understanding of fundamental ecological processes, has been influenced enormously by data from these long term monitoring sites. The sites will continue to provide valuable data in the coming century as researchers and managers tackle problems such as climate change, potentially novel fire regimes and the increasing abundance of alien plants and animals. The Victorian Alpine Network of long-term monitoring sites includes: 1) The long-term plots established by Mrs Maise Carr and Prof. John Turner at ‘Rocky Valley’ and ‘Pretty Valley’ on the Bogong High Plains in the 1940s (Carr and Turner 1959b; Wahren et al. 1994). These pioneering plots were established to enable the documentation of long-term changes in select vegetation types. This far-sighted research effort grew out of concerns that arose in the 1930s about the condition of the high mountain catchments, as a consequence of fire and livestock grazing. 2) Monitoring sites established in a variety of vegetation types across the Victorian Alps. These sites were established to allow monitoring of long-term vegetation dynamics at a wider array of grassland sites, and in plant communities that were not sampled by the Carr and Turner plots. These long-term monitoring sites complement the detailed mapping of vegetation communities undertaken by McDougall (1982). At the time the sites were established, cattle grazing was wide-spread across the Victorian Alps, the Alpine National Park was mooted or in its infancy, ski resort development was expanding, and data were needed on long-term vegetation dynamics, and vegetation state or condition in relation to land use. 3) Post-fire monitoring sites established in various vegetation types following the landscape-scale fires of 1998 and 2003. Landscape scale fire is rare in the alpine environment, and these sites were established specifically to take advantage of the opportunities presented by these infrequent events, so that patterns of burning and post-fire regeneration of vegetation could be documented. 4) Additional sampling sites established on a select set of the long term-sites sites on the Bogong High Plains to survey invertebrate diversity and plant genetics. The aim of this suite of sites is to evaluate the effects of climate change on select components of the biodiversity of alpine ecosystems. See the following for further information on the initial plot selection Carr SGM, Turner JS (1959a) The ecology of the Bogong High Plains. I. The environmental factors and the grassland communities. Australian Journal of Botany 7, 12–33. Carr SGM, Turner JS (1959b) The ecology of the Bogong High Plains. II. Fencing experiments in grassland Communities. Australian Journal of Botany 7, 34–63. Kirkpatrick JB, Bridle KL (1999) Comparative Effects of Stock and Wild Vertebrate Herbivore Grazing on Treeless Subalpine Vegetation, Eastern Central Plateau, Tasmania. Australian Journal of Botany 47(6), 817–834. McDougall K (1982) 'The alpine vegetation of the Bogong High Plains.' (Environmental Studies Division, Soil Conservation Authority, Ministry for Conservation: Kew, Vic) Swengel A (2001) A literature review of insect responses to fire, compared to other conservation managements of open habitat. Biodiversity & Conservation 10(7), 1141–1169. Scherrer P, Pickering CM (2005) Recovery of Alpine Vegetation from Grazing and Drought: Data from Long-Term Photoquadrats in Kosciuszko National Park, Australia. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 37(4), 574–584. Wahren C-HA, Papst WA, Williams RJ (1994) Long-Term Vegetation Change in Relation to Cattle Grazing in Sub-Alpine Grassland and Heathland on the Bogong High-Plains: an Analysis of Vegetation Records From 1945 to 1994. Australian Journal of Botany 42(6), 607–639 Wimbush D, Costin A (1979) Trends in Vegetation at Kosciusko. Parts I, II, and III. Australian Journal of Botany 27(6), 741–871. Project fundingSince 2012 this project has been part of the Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTERN). This work was supported by the Australian Government’s Terrestrial Ecosystems Research Network (www.tern.org.au) – an Australian research infrastructure facility established under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy and Education Infrastructure Fund–Super Science Initiative through the Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education. Prior to LTERN, this project had many sources of funding including the University of Melbourne (1947–93), and La Trobe University (1993–present).Project nameVictorian Alpine Plot Network
Type
collection
Title
Victorian Alpine Plot Network (Alpine Long Term Monitoring - Community Changes): Vegetation Data, South-east Highlands, Australia, 1947-2013
Alternate Title
Victorian Alpine Plot Network: Vegetation – Composition Long Term Monitoring - Community Changes, 1947-2013
Collection Type
Dataset
Access Privileges
Long Term Ecological Research Network
DOI - Digital Object Identifier
10.25911/5c3ff778936da
Metadata Language
English
Data Language
English
Brief Description
This package represents all data from surveys of vegetation within the Alpine Long Term Monitoring — Community Changes project. The surveys began in 1947, and the most recent is from 2013. As further surveys are conducted the new data will be added to this package. A synopsis of related data packages which have been collected as part of the Victorian Alpine Plot Network’s full program is provided at https://doi.org/10.25911/5c11c3d283b0e.
Full Description
Abstract: This package represents all data from surveys of vegetation within the Alpine Long Term Monitoring — Community Changes project. The surveys began in 1947, and the most recent is from 2013. As further surveys are conducted the new data will be added to this package.

The Victorian Alpine Plot Network vegetation data package contains vegetation data collected at a sub-set of the 481 long term monitoring plots which have been established in Australian Alps and in Tasmania. The sampling regime within the Victorian Network generally consists of multiple randomly positioned transects within sites, (rather than ‘plots’ sensu stricto), with each site, and/or transect geo-located. Point quadrats are taken at fixed intervals along each transect. The number of transects within sites, and sampling frequency varies from annual to decadal, depending on site and purpose. This general array of sampling transects, point quadrats along transects and floristic quadrats is consistent between grassland and snowpatch monitoring sites, although the number of transects and floristic quadrats needed to detect change in key variables (vegetation cover, bare ground, etc) at each site varies over time. There are also long-term monitoring sites in wetlands. The Victorian Alpine Plot Network research plots are revisited on a 2–10 years basis. A synopsis of related data packages which have been collected as part of the Victorian Alpine Plot Network’s full program is provided at https://doi.org/10.25911/5c11c3d283b0e. Sampling method: Carr and Turner long-term monitoring plots: At the Carr and Turner sites, there are fixed plots, each 0.05–0.1 ha in area. At the ‘Pretty Valley’ site, there is one plot that has been fenced (and thus ungrazed by livestock) since 1946; adjacent to this plot there is an unfenced plot, grazed by livestock (mainly cattle) from the mid 19th Century until 2005. At the ‘Rocky Valley’ site there is a 4 ha fenced area, which has excluded livestock since 1945-6. Inside there are monitoring plots located in open heathland, closed heathland and snowpatch herbfield vegetation types. There are companion plots, grazed by domestic livestock until 2005, located in equivalent vegetation types outside the fence. There is a total of 8 plots. The four corners of each plot are marked with steel droppers or fence posts, and each is geolocated. Within each plot there are multiple transects, the ends of which are fixed with sturdy 5 cm x 5 cm wooden pegs. The length, number of and distance between transects within plots varied from plot to plot at the time of establishment; this arrangement has been preserved. There are 10–20 transects per plot, each 2–15 m long, and ca 1–1.5 m apart. Point quadrats were initially taken at intervals of 2 feet (24 inches); sampling interval was converted to 50 cm in 1979. There is a total of 600–1000 point quadrats per plot. Measurements were taken at each plot annually from 1945/6–1951, then once or twice per decade thereafter (Wahren et al. 1994). There was a full sampling of all plots in 1979, and both Pretty Valley plots have been monitored more or less annually is since 1979, and the Rocky Valley plots every 5 years. The last full sampling of all eight plots was in 2013. Study extent: Long-term vegetation monitoring sites are a feature of the research and management infrastructure of the Australian alpine region. Sites have been established at various times for various reasons across the mainland Australian Alps and in Tasmania, with the explicit aim of documenting long-term changes in ecosystem composition and structure in relation to disturbance (Carr and Turner 1959a; b; Wimbush and Costin 1979; Wahren et al. 1994; Kirkpatrick and Bridle 1999; Scherrer and Pickering 2005). In the Victorian Alps, monitoring sites were first established in 1947 and the number of sites was expanded considerably in the 1970s and 1980s. These sites have been used to document long-term ecological change in relation to disturbance (e.g. livestock grazing; fire) and land use (e.g. nature conservation; ski resort development). Additional sample areas were established on a subset of these sites in 2011, to monitor long-term changes in invertebrates and plant genetic diversity. Following the fires of 1998 and 2003 additional monitoring sites were established to quantify patterns of burning across the alpine landscape, and to monitor post-fire regeneration. The development of our understanding of the ecology of alpine environments, especially our understanding of fundamental ecological processes, has been influenced enormously by data from these long term monitoring sites. The sites will continue to provide valuable data in the coming century as researchers and managers tackle problems such as climate change, potentially novel fire regimes and the increasing abundance of alien plants and animals. The Victorian Alpine Network of long-term monitoring sites includes: 1) The long-term plots established by Mrs Maise Carr and Prof. John Turner at ‘Rocky Valley’ and ‘Pretty Valley’ on the Bogong High Plains in the 1940s (Carr and Turner 1959b; Wahren et al. 1994). These pioneering plots were established to enable the documentation of long-term changes in select vegetation types. This far-sighted research effort grew out of concerns that arose in the 1930s about the condition of the high mountain catchments, as a consequence of fire and livestock grazing. 2) Monitoring sites established in a variety of vegetation types across the Victorian Alps. These sites were established to allow monitoring of long-term vegetation dynamics at a wider array of grassland sites, and in plant communities that were not sampled by the Carr and Turner plots. These long-term monitoring sites complement the detailed mapping of vegetation communities undertaken by McDougall (1982). At the time the sites were established, cattle grazing was wide-spread across the Victorian Alps, the Alpine National Park was mooted or in its infancy, ski resort development was expanding, and data were needed on long-term vegetation dynamics, and vegetation state or condition in relation to land use. 3) Post-fire monitoring sites established in various vegetation types following the landscape-scale fires of 1998 and 2003. Landscape scale fire is rare in the alpine environment, and these sites were established specifically to take advantage of the opportunities presented by these infrequent events, so that patterns of burning and post-fire regeneration of vegetation could be documented. 4) Additional sampling sites established on a select set of the long term-sites sites on the Bogong High Plains to survey invertebrate diversity and plant genetics. The aim of this suite of sites is to evaluate the effects of climate change on select components of the biodiversity of alpine ecosystems. See the following for further information on the initial plot selection Carr SGM, Turner JS (1959a) The ecology of the Bogong High Plains. I. The environmental factors and the grassland communities. Australian Journal of Botany 7, 12–33. Carr SGM, Turner JS (1959b) The ecology of the Bogong High Plains. II. Fencing experiments in grassland Communities. Australian Journal of Botany 7, 34–63. Kirkpatrick JB, Bridle KL (1999) Comparative Effects of Stock and Wild Vertebrate Herbivore Grazing on Treeless Subalpine Vegetation, Eastern Central Plateau, Tasmania. Australian Journal of Botany 47(6), 817–834. McDougall K (1982) 'The alpine vegetation of the Bogong High Plains.' (Environmental Studies Division, Soil Conservation Authority, Ministry for Conservation: Kew, Vic) Swengel A (2001) A literature review of insect responses to fire, compared to other conservation managements of open habitat. Biodiversity & Conservation 10(7), 1141–1169. Scherrer P, Pickering CM (2005) Recovery of Alpine Vegetation from Grazing and Drought: Data from Long-Term Photoquadrats in Kosciuszko National Park, Australia. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 37(4), 574–584. Wahren C-HA, Papst WA, Williams RJ (1994) Long-Term Vegetation Change in Relation to Cattle Grazing in Sub-Alpine Grassland and Heathland on the Bogong High-Plains: an Analysis of Vegetation Records From 1945 to 1994. Australian Journal of Botany 42(6), 607–639 Wimbush D, Costin A (1979) Trends in Vegetation at Kosciusko. Parts I, II, and III. Australian Journal of Botany 27(6), 741–871. Project fundingSince 2012 this project has been part of the Long Term Ecological Research Network (LTERN). This work was supported by the Australian Government’s Terrestrial Ecosystems Research Network (www.tern.org.au) – an Australian research infrastructure facility established under the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy and Education Infrastructure Fund–Super Science Initiative through the Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education. Prior to LTERN, this project had many sources of funding including the University of Melbourne (1947–93), and La Trobe University (1993–present).Project nameVictorian Alpine Plot Network
Methods
Plot set-up
1
4 mm diameter steel pin, 50 m tape measure, pencil and notebook
The Victorian Alpine Plot Network (Alpine Long term Monitoring — Community Changes): Vegetation Data Package contains vegetation data collected at a sub-set of the 481 long term monitoring plots which have been established in Australian Alps and in Tasmania. The sampling regime within the Victorian Network generally consists of multiple randomly positioned transects within sites, (rather than ‘plots’ sensu stricto), with each site, and/or transect geo-located. Point quadrats are taken at fixed intervals along each transect. Point quadrats are taken using a 4 mm diameter steel pin inserted vertically into the vegetation. The number of transects within sites, and sampling frequency varies from annual to decadal, depending on site and purpose. This general array of sampling transects, point quadrats along transects and floristic quadrats is consistent between grassland and snowpatch monitoring sites. However, the number of transects and floristic quadrats needed to detect change at each site varies. The optimal number per site has been determined by power analysis to adequately sample the composition and structure of the grassland and snowpatch communities, and detect change in key variables (vegetation cover, bare ground, etc) over time. There are also long-term monitoring sites in wetlands. These include two sites at the head of Middle Creek on the Bogong High Plains.
Establishment of these long-term monitoring sites commenced in the late 1970’s on the Bogong High Plains. In ensuing decades, more sites have been established on the Bogong High Plains, Dargo High Plains and Holmes/Wellington (Wahren et al. 1994; Wahren et al. 1999; Wahren et al. 2001a; Wahren et al. 2001c; Williams et al. 2012; Wahren et al. 2013). Sites have been established in all of the major vegetation types – grasslands, heathlands, snowpatch herbfields and wetlands. In the grasslands, each site is ca. 0.5–1 ha in area, with 10–12 10 m transects per site. Transects are located randomly within sites and point quadrats are taken at 20 cm intervals along each transect. This gives a total of 50 points per 10m transect, and 500–600 points per site. All species touching the pin are recorded, along with the state of the ground surface (whether bare, or covered by litter). At present there are 17 monitoring sites established in grassland on the Bogong High Plains and five at Holmes and Wellington Plains. A similar array of transects within sites has been established at 45 snowpatch herbfields sites across the Bogong High Plains. At each site the sampling regime is the same as for grasslands – 10 x 10 m transects, with 50 point quadrats per transect. Complementary floristic data are also collected at each site from five to fifteen 3 x 2 m quadrats that are randomly located within each snow patch. Quadrat size was determined using species-area relationships for a range of quadrat sizes (0.1–20 metre-squared; (Swengel 2001)). Within each quadrat, all species are identified and the cover of each is estimated visually using the Braun-Blanquet scale (Wahren et al. 2001a).
Swengel A (2001) A literature review of insect responses to fire, compared to other conservation managements of open habitat. Biodiversity & Conservation 10(7), 1141–1169.
Wahren C-HA, Papst WA, Williams RJ (1994) Long-Term Vegetation Change in Relation to Cattle Grazing in Sub-Alpine Grassland and Heathland on the Bogong High-Plains: an Analysis of Vegetation Records From 1945 to 1994. Australian Journal of Botany 42(6), 607–639.
Wahren CH, Williams RJ, Papst WA (2001a) Alpine and Subalpine Snow Patch Vegetation on the Bogong High Plains, SE Australia. Journal of Vegetation Science 12(6), 779–790.
Wahren CHA, Williams RJ, Papst WA (2001c) Vegetation Change and Ecological Processes in Alpine and Subalpine Sphagnum Bogs of the Bogong High Plains, Victoria, Australia. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 33(3), 357–368.
Williams RJ, Wahren C-H, Shannon JM, Papst WA, Heinze DA, Camac JS (2012) Fire regimes and biodiversity in Victoria’s alpine ecosystems. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 124(1), 101–109.
Wahren C-H, Camac JS, Jarrad FC, Williams RJ, Papst WA, Hoffmann AA (2013) Experimental warming and long-term vegetation dynamics in an alpine heathland. Australian Journal of Botany 61(1), 36–51.
Data collection
2
4 mm diameter steel pin, 50 m tape measure, pencil and notebook
Transects are located randomly within sites and point quadrats are taken at 20 cm intervals along each transect. This gives a total of 50 points per 10m transect, and 500–600 points per site. All species touching the pin are recorded, along with the state of the ground surface (whether bare, or covered by litter). At present there are 17 monitoring sites established in grassland on the Bogong High Plains and five at Holmes and Wellington Plains. A similar array of transects within sites has been established at 45 snowpatch herbfields sites across the Bogong High Plains. At each site the sampling regime is the same as for grasslands – 10 x 10 m transects, with 50 point quadrats per transect. Complementary floristic data are also collected at each site from five to fifteen 3 x 2 m quadrats that are randomly located within each snow patch. Quadrat size was determined using species-area relationships for a range of quadrat sizes (0.1–20 m2; (Swengel 2001)). Within each quadrat, all species are identified and the cover of each is estimated visually using the Braun-Blanquet scale (Wahren et al. 2001a).
Swengel A (2001) A literature review of insect responses to fire, compared to other conservation managements of open habitat. Biodiversity & Conservation 10(7), 1141–1169.
Wahren CH, Williams RJ, Papst WA (2001a) Alpine and Subalpine Snow Patch Vegetation on the Bogong High Plains, SE Australia. Journal of Vegetation Science 12(6), 779–790.
File Descriptions
vltm_vegetation_monitoring_1947-2013_p821t990.csv
broad
definitionBroad classificaton of ground cover - class, lifeform and substrate
nominal enumeration codes
COVERGround cover
FORBForb (herbaceous flowering plant other than a grass)
MONOCOTMonocotyledon (flowering plants (angiosperms) whose seeds typically contain only one embryonic leaf)
SHRUBShrub (small to medium-sized woody plant)
date
date time formatYYYY-MM-DD
definitionDate of survey
descriptionComplete records for Victorian Alpine Long Term Monitoring - Community Changes vegetation data from 1947–2013
genus
definitionGenus and substrate/ groundcover type
nominal text definitionCharacter
narrow
definitionNarrow classificaton of ground cover - lifeform and substrate
nominal enumeration codes
CC1Cover class 1: fixed litter
CC2Cover class 2: loose litter
CC3Cover class 3: thin loose litter
CC4Cover class 4: bare ground
FORBForb
GRASSGrass
LICFRUTLichen fruticose
MOSSMoss
ORCHIDOrchid
RUSHRush
SEDGESedge
SHRUBShrub
UNKLICHENUnidentified lichen
UNKMONOUnidentified monocot
UNKMOSSUnidentified moss
UNKTHALIVThallose liverwort
number of records66813
point
definitionPoint quadrat point
ordinal text definitionCharacter
site
definitionSite name
nominal text definitionCharacter
species
definitionSpeces descriptor (includes notes relating to groundcover/ subbstrate type)
nominal text definitionCharacter
status
definitionStatus of vegetation (alive/dead)
nominal enumeration codes
DDead
LLiving
OOther (refers to cover codes such as bare ground, rock, etc)
tr
definitionTransect
ordinal text definitionCharater
year
date time formatYYYY
definitionYear of survey
Contact Email
ary@unimelb.edu.au; r.woodward@unsw.edu.au; chwahren@gmail.com; james.camac@gmail.com; j.morgan@latrobe.edu.au
Contact Address
Bio21 Institute, Departments of Genetics and Zoology University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., 3010 Australia
Contact Phone Number
+61 3 8344 2282; +61 2 9585 6051; +61 400 972 404; +61 3 9479 2226; +61 3 9479 1230; +61 0428 810 214
Principal Investigator
Ary Hoffman
Supervisors
Ary Hoffman
Collaborators
Henrick Wahren; Warwick Papst; La Trobe University; John Morgan; Richard Williams
Fields of Research
0699 - Other Biological Sciences
Keywords
GCMD:Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation; LTERN Monitoring Theme:Plant species composition; LTERN Monitoring Theme:Vegetation structure; LTERN Monitoring Theme:Grazing domestic livestock; keyword:Pretty Valley; keyword:Maisies Plots; Victorian Alpine; Long Term Monitoring - Community Changes; Vegetation – Composition
Type of Research Activity
Strategic basic research
Date Coverage
2013
1947
Geospatial Location
South-east Highlands, Victoria, Ausstralia
text
northlimit = -36.73575; southlimit = -37.49639; westlimit = 146.41728; eastLimit = 147.40598
iso19139dcmiBox
Date of data creation
2017-05-29
Year of data publication
2017
Creator(s) for Citation
Hoffman
Ary
Williams
Dick
Wahren
Henrick
Camac
James
Morgan
John
Papst
Warwick
Publisher for Citation
Long Term Ecological Research Network
Publications
10.1071/BT9590012
Carr SGM, Turner JS (1959a) The ecology of the Bogong High Plains. I. The environmental factors and the grassland communities. Australian Journal of Botany 7, 12-33, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9590012
The ecology of the Bogong High Plains. I. The environmental factors and the grassland communities.
doi
10.1071/BT9590034
Carr SGM, Turner JS (1959b) The ecology of the Bogong High Plains. II. Fencing experiments in grassland Communities. Australian Journal of Botany 7, 34-63, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9590034
The ecology of the Bogong High Plains. II. Fencing experiments in grassland Communities.
doi
10.1071/BT98029
Kirkpatrick JB, Bridle KL (1999) Comparative Effects of Stock and Wild Vertebrate Herbivore Grazing on Treeless Subalpine Vegetation, Eastern Central Plateau, Tasmania. Australian Journal of Botany 47(6), 817-834, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT98029
Comparative Effects of Stock and Wild Vertebrate Herbivore Grazing on Treeless Subalpine Vegetation, Eastern Central Plateau, Tasmania.
doi
0724127410 (pbk)
McDougall K (1982) 'The alpine vegetation of the Bogong High Plains.' (Environmental Studies Division, Soil Conservation Authority, Ministry for Conservation: Kew, Vic.)
The alpine vegetation of the Bogong High Plains.
isbn
10.1023/A:1016683807033
Swengel A (2001) A literature review of insect responses to fire, compared to other conservation managements of open habitat. Biodiversity & Conservation 10(7), 1141–1169, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016683807033
A literature review of insect responses to fire, compared to other conservation managements of open habitat
doi
https://epubs.scu.edu.au/tourism_pubs/508/
Scherrer, P & Pickering CM 2005, 'Recovery of alpine vegetation from grazing and drought: data from long term photoquadrats in Kosciuszko National Park, Australia', Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 574-584, https://epubs.scu.edu.au/tourism_pubs/508/
Recovery of alpine vegetation from grazing and drought: data from long term photoquadrats in Kosciuszko National Park, Australia
uri
10.1071/BT9940607
Wahren C-HA, Papst WA, Williams RJ (1994) Long-Term Vegetation Change in Relation to Cattle Grazing in Sub-Alpine Grassland and Heathland on the Bogong High-Plains: an Analysis of Vegetation Records From 1945 to 1994. Australian Journal of Botany 42(6), 607–639, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9940607
Long-Term Vegetation Change in Relation to Cattle Grazing in Sub-Alpine Grassland and Heathland on the Bogong High-Plains: an Analysis of Vegetation Records From 1945 to 1994.
doi
10.1071/BT9790741
Wimbush D, Costin A (1979) Trends in Vegetation at Kosciusko. 1. Grazing Trials in the Subalpine Zone, 1957-1971. Australian Journal of Botany 27(6), 741-787, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9790741
Trends in Vegetation at Kosciusko. 1. Grazing Trials in the Subalpine Zone, 1957-1971.
doi
10.1071/BT9790789
Wimbush D, Costin A (1979) Trends in Vegetation at Kosciusko. II. Subalpine Range Transects, 1959-1978. Australian Journal of Botany 27(6), 789-831, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9790789
Trends in Vegetation at Kosciusko. II. Subalpine Range Transects, 1959-1978.
doi
10.1071/BT9790833
Wimbush D, Costin A (1979) Trends in Vegetation at Kosciusko. III. Alpine Range Transects, 1959-1978. Australian Journal of Botany 27(6), 833-871, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9790833
Trends in Vegetation at Kosciusko. III. Alpine Range Transects, 1959-1978.
doi
Other Related Identifiers
MorphoId:ltern.250; PackageId:821
Access Rights Type
Open
Licence Type
CC-BY - Attribution (Version 4)
Licence
LTERN Deed: 7 Date of execution: 2016-10-10
Data Location
https://datacommons.anu.edu.au
Retention Period
Indefinitely
Status: Published
Published to:
  • Australian National University
  • Australian National Data Service
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